Mediating effect of resilience in workplace bullying and professional identity among nursing interns / 中国职业医学

@#Objective To explore the effect of resilience in the relationship between workplace bullying （WPB） and professional identity among nursing interns. Methods A total of 292 nursing interns from six grade A hospitals were selected as the research subjects using convenience sampling method. The WPB，professional identity，resilience，perceived stress and coping styles were investigated by the Negative Acts Questionnaire Revised， the Professional Identity Questionnaire for nurse students，the Chinese version of 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale，the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale and the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire. Results The scores of WPB and perceived stress were negatively correlated with those of professional identity，resilience，and positive coping styles（PCS）［Spearman correlation coefficients（rS ）were −0.354，−0.316，−0.388，−0.488，−0.636 and −0.478，all P<0.01］. There was a negative correlation between negative coping styles（NCS）and professional identity（rS =−0.117，P=0.046）. The scores of resilience and professional identity were positively correlated with that of PCS（rS were 0.539 and 0.482，both P<0.01）. There was a positive correlation between resilience and professional identity （rS =0.567，P<0.01）. The scores of WPB and perceived stress were positively correlated with that of NCS（rS were 0.350 and 0.281，both P<0.01）. There was a positive correlation between WPB and perceived stress（rS =0.419，P<0.01）. The scores of resilience and PCS were not correlated with that of NCS（both P>0.05）. Resilience played a mediating role between WPB and professional identity. The interaction between WPB and NCS could predict the professional identity and resilience of nursing interns（standardized regression coefficient were 0.31 and 0.17，both P<0.01）. Conclusion WPB can directly or indirectly affect nursing interns’professional identity through resilience，and NCS plays a moderating role on the direct effect of WPB and professional identity，and the relationship between WPB and resilience.

Assédio moral no trabalho, aposentadoria e dinâmica familiar: repercussões percebidas pelo casal / Workplace bullying, retirement and family dynamics: repercussions identified by the couple / Acoso moral en el trabajo, jubilación y dinámica familiar: repercusiones identificadas por la pareja

O presente estudo qualitativo objetivou compreender repercussões do assédio moral no trabalho e do processo de aposentadoria na dinâmica familiar, na perspectiva do casal. É um estudo de caso único, cuja esposa estava em fase de aposentadoria e vivenciando situação de assédio moral no trabalho. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas semiestruturadas com o casal. Realizou-se análise de conteúdo categorial. Os resultados evidenciaram repercussões diretas do assédio moral no trabalho, nos aspectos físicos e emocionais da esposa e conflitos na família, o que demandou reorganizações e adaptações entre os subsistemas familiares. Conclui-se sobre a importância do reconhecimento das relações conjugais e familiares como estratégias de intervenção para o enfrentamento das situações de assédio, no contexto laboral, na fase de aposentadoria.

This qualitative study aimed to understand the repercussions of workplace bullying and the process of retirement on family dynamics, from the perspective of the couple. It is a single case study, in which the wife was retiring while experiencing workplace bullying. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with the couple. Categorical content analysis was performed. Results showed direct repercussions of workplace bullying on the wife's physical and emotional condition and also caused conflicts in the family, which required a reorganization and adaptation of family subsystems. The conclusions indicate the importance of recognition of marital and family relations, as intervention strategies to cope with workplace bullying, in the labor context, in the retirement phase.

El objetivo de este estudio cualitativo fue comprender las repercusiones del acoso moral en el trabajo y del proceso de jubilación en la dinámica familiar, en la perspectiva de la pareja. Es un estudio de caso unico, cuya esposa estaba en fase de jubilación y vivenciando la situación de acoso moral en el trabajo. Los datos fueron recolectados con entrevistas semi-estructuradas con la pareja. Fue realizado análisis de contenido. Los resultados evidenciaron repercusiones directas del acoso moral en el trabajo, en los aspectos físicos y emocionales de la esposa y conflictos en la familia, lo que demandó reorganizaciones y adaptaciones entre los subsistemas familiares. Se concluye sobre la importancia del reconocimiento de las relaciones conyugales y familiares, como estrategias de intervención para el enfrentamiento de las situaciones de acoso, en el contexto laboral, en la fase de jubilación.

Percepções de servidores públicos sobre os motivos da ocorrência do assédio moral no trabalho em uma universidade brasileira / Perceptions of public server on the reasons for the occurrence of workplace bullying in a brazilian university / Percepciones de los servidores públicos sobre los motivos de la ocurrencia del acoso laboral en una universidad brasileña

O assédio moral no trabalho é fenômeno complexo, em que sua ocorrência pode combinar fatores individuais, grupais e organizacionais. Tal aspecto ocorre nas mais diferentes organizações, tal qual nas Universidades, lócus desta pesquisa. Neste ambiente, de intensa competitividade e vaidade, o assédio moral se manifesta frequentemente e de várias formas. Portanto, este artigo tem por objetivo identificar os motivos que levam à ocorrência do assédio moral, nas percepções de servidores públicos de uma Universidade brasileira. A pesquisa caracterizou-se como transversal, descritiva e de abordagem qualitativa, tendo como instrumento um questionário online com perguntas abertas e fechadas, aplicado aos docentes e técnicos-administrativos e analisado por meio da análise de conteúdo. Dentre as explicações internas, referente às características e comportamentos do indivíduo, foram identificados em maior frequência o posicionamento (político, ideológico ou relacionado ao trabalho), características físicas, competência e produtividade no trabalho como motivos para as agressões. Quanto às justificativas externas, relacionadas ao vínculo com o trabalho, observou-se que o pertencimento a determinado grupo ou categoria e o tempo de instituição podem favorecer ou prejudicar o indivíduo. Por fim, compreender os motivos que levam ao assédio moral, pode ser um caminho para criar estratégias para combatê-lo.

Workplace bullying is a complex phenomenon in which its occurrence can combine individual, group and organisational factors. This aspect occurs in the most diverse organisations, such as universities, the locus of this research. In this environment of intense competitiveness and vanity, workplace bullying manifests itself frequently and in various forms. Therefore, this article aims to identify the reasons that lead to bullying in the perceptions of public servants in a Brazilian university. The research was characterised as cross-sectional, descriptive and qualitative, using as an instrument an online questionnaire with open and closed questions (69 responses), applied to teachers and administrative technicians, and analysed through content analysis. Among the internal explanations, referring to the characteristics and behaviour of the individual, positioning (political, ideological or work-related), physical characteristics, competence and productivity at work were the most frequently identified as reasons for the aggressions. On the other hand, external justifications, related to the link with the job, it was observed that belonging to a particular group or category and the time spent in the institution can favour or harm the individual. Finally, understanding the reasons that lead to workplace bullying can create strategies to combat it.

El acoso laboral es un fenómeno complejo que en su ocurrencia puede combinar factores individuales, grupales y organizacionales. Este aspecto se da en las más diversas organizaciones, así como en las Universidades, locus de esta investigación. En este entorno de intensa competitividad y vanidad, el acoso laboral se manifiesta con frecuencia y de diversas formas. Por tanto, este artículo tiene como objetivo identificar las razones que conducen a la ocurrencia del acoso moral, en las percepciones de los servidores públicos de una universidad brasileña. La investigación se caracterizó como transversal, descriptiva y cualitativa, utilizando como instrumento un cuestionario online con preguntas abiertas y cerradas (69 respuestas), aplicado a docentes y técnicos administrativos, y analizado mediante análisis de contenido. Entre las explicaciones internas referidas a las características y comportamientos del individuo el posicionamiento (político, ideológico o laboral), las características físicas, la competencia y la productividad en el trabajo fueron las más frecuentemente identificadas como motivo de las agresiones. Por otro lado, en las justificaciones externas relacionadas con el vínculo con el trabajo, se observó que la pertenencia a un determinado grupo o categoría y el tiempo de institución puede favorecer o perjudicar al individuo. Finalmente, comprender las razones que conducen al acoso laboral puede contribuir a crear estrategias para combatirlo.

Incidência e definição do assédio moral entre trabalhadores do transporte coletivo urbano / Incidence and definition of workplace bulling among urban public transport workers / Incidencia y definición de acoso laboral entre trabajadores del transporte público urbano

O estudo identificou a ocorrência e o conhecimento sobre Assédio Moral no Trabalho (AMT) para trabalhadores do transporte coletivo urbano de uma capital do Brasil. Foi realizado um estudo como misto, com 382 trabalhadores, que responderam um questionário de dados sociodemográficos, a Escala Laboral de Assédio Moral e a questões relacionadas ao conhecimento sobre essa violência. Os resultados demonstraram diferença entre o quantitativo de trabalhadores identificados como alvos de AMT pelos itens da escala (48,69%) e aqueles que se reconhecem como assediados (36,34%). A dimensão "condições de trabalho" foi a mais frequentemente citada na amostra. As definições de AMT relacionaram-se com humilhação, desrespeito e constrangimento. Apesar de terem conformidades conceituais com a literatura, estas categorias demonstraram um conhecimento simplificado, salientando elementos objetivos. Conclui-se que essa violência só poderá ser eficazmente com sua definição clara e distinta de outras formas de sofrimento decorrente do trabalho (AU).

The study identified the occurrence and knowledge about Workplace Bullying (WB) for workers in urban public transport in a Brazilian capital. This mixed study was done, with 382 workers answered a sociodemographic data questionnaire, the Bullying Labor Scale and questions related to knowledge about this violence. The results showed a difference between the quantitative of workers identified as targets of WB by the items of the scale (48.69%) and those who recognize themselves in this situation (36.34%). The dimension "work conditions" was the most frequently mentioned in the sample. The definitions of WB were related to humiliation, disrespect and embarrassment. Despite having conceptual conformities with the literature, these categories demonstrated a simplified knowledge, emphasizing objective elements. It is concluded that violence can only be prevented with its clear and distinct definition from other forms of suffering in the workplace (AU).

El estudio identificó la ocurrencia y el conocimiento sobre el acoso laboral (AL) en el para los trabajadores en el transporte público urbano en una capital brasileña. Se realizó un estudio mixto, con 382 trabajadores respondieron un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos, la Escala Laboral de Acoso y preguntas relacionadas con el conocimiento sobre esta violencia. Los resultados mostraron una diferencia entre el cuantitativo de trabajadores identificados como objetivos de AL por los ítems de la escala (48.69%) y aquellos que se reconocen como acosados (36.34%). La dimensión "condiciones de trabajo" fue la más frecuente en la muestra. Las definiciones de AL estaban relacionadas con la humillación, la falta de respeto y la vergüenza. A pesar de tener conformidad conceptual con la literatura, estas categorías demuestran conocimiento simplificado, destacando elementos objetivos. Se concluye que esta violencia solo puede prevenirse con su definición clara y distinta de otras formas de sufrimiento resultantes del trabajo (AU).

Relationship between the Perception of Organizational Culture and Ethical Climate and the Perception of Workplace Bullying / Relación entre la percepción de la cultura organizacional y el clima ético y la percepción del acoso laboral

Abstract Workplace bullying takes place in many organizations and it has serious consequences on individuals, organizations and economy. The main aim of this study is to contribute to the field of workplace bullying by empirically testing the theoretically defined relation between socio-organizational variables (organizational culture and ethical climate) and bullying, using two theoretical models well-grounded in organizational studies. The findings, from a sample of 984 Portuguese workers, suggest that there is a strong relation between organizational culture/ethical climate and bullying: the "benevolent" and "principled" climates are negatively related (or even an obstacle) to bullying, as well as the cultural orientation of "support". The opposite is the result of the climate "self-interest" and the cultural orientations of "rules" and "goals". As organizational culture and ethical climate explain 20% of the variance of the negative behaviours perceived by the members of the organization, what shows that managers can achieve changes to a significant organizational, individual and societal problem just by manipulating those two variables.

Resumen El acoso laboral se encuentra en muchas organizaciones y tiene graves consecuencias para las personas, las organizaciones y la economía. El objetivo principal de este estudio es contribuir al campo de estudio del acoso laboral probando empíricamente la relación teórica definida entre variables socio-organizacionales (cultura organizacional y clima ético) y acoso laboral, utilizando dos modelos teóricos fundamentados en estudios organizacionales. Los hallazgos, con 984 trabajadores portugueses, sugieren que existe una fuerte relación entre la cultura organizacional/clima ético y el acoso laboral: los climas "benévolo" y "de principios" están relacionados negativamente (o son incluso un obstáculo) con el acoso laboral, así como la orientación cultural de "soporte". Lo contrario sucede con el clima "interés propio" y las orientaciones culturales de "reglas" y "metas". La cultura organizacional y el clima ético explican el 20% de la varianza del comportamiento negativo, lo que muestra que los gerentes pueden lograr cambios en problemas organizacionales, individuales y sociales significativos manipulando esas dos variables.

Relationships among Workplace Bullying, Organizational Culture and Nursing Performance in Nurses / 의료커뮤니케이션

BACKGROUND: This study was aimed to examine relationships among workplace bullying, organization culture and nursing performance in clinical nurses.METHODS: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted from October 16 to 26, 2018 with 168 nurses participating in RN-BSN and graduate programs in a university. Data was analyzed with SPSS 22.0 by t - test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and hierarchical multiple regression.RESULTS: Of nurses, 23.2% were found as victims of workplace bullying. Higher scores for workplace bullying positively correlated with rank-oriented culture (r=.19, p=.015), negatively correlated with relational-oriented culture (r=−.43, p<.001) and innovation-oriented culture (r=−.35, p<.001). After adjusting for other variables, better nursing performance was associated with lower scores for workplace bullying (β=−.18, p=.026) and innovation-oriented culture (β=.24, p=.023). However, there was no moderating effect of organizational culture in the relationship between workplace bullying and nursing performance.CONCLUSION: Efforts to creating innovative organizational culture and reducing workplace bullying can contribute to improving nursing performance.

Effects of Workplace Bullying, Health Promotion Lifestyle, and Physical Symptoms on Occupational Stress of New Nurses in General Hospitals / 산업간호학회지

PURPOSE: This descriptive study aimed to explore the effects of bullying, health promotion lifestyles, and physical symptoms on the occupational stress of new nurses in general hospitals. METHODS: The participants of this study were 157 new nurses in fivegeneral hospitals with 100 to 399 beds in Gyeonggi-do. Data were collected from January to February, 2018, using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using the SPSS software version 20. RESULTS: A total of 60.5% of the participants experienced bullying, and 38.2% experienced bullying more than 10 times a month. The perceived severity of bullying was severe (32.4%) and the nurses'first bullying experience began within the first six months (47.7%). Their occupational stress was scored 3.1. The regression model for occupational stressors was significant (F=23.86, p < .001), and the total explanatory power was 46.8%. The variables affecting occupational stress were bullying awareness (β=−.30, p < .001), preceptor satisfaction (β=−.30, p < .001), and health promotion lifestyles (β=−.26, p=.001). CONCLUSION: It is important to reduce the incidence of bullying in order to help new nurses with high occupational stress. Stress management programs are needed to improve relationships between new nurses and preceptors and to encourage their health promotion lifestyles.

The Effects of Nursing Organizational Culture, Work Performance and Workplace Bullying Type on Workplace Bullying Consequence of Nurses / 한국간호교육학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among nursing organizational culture, work performance, and workplace bullying of nurses, and to identify the factors that affect workplace bullying.METHODS: The design of this study was descriptive research, and the data were collected from October 26 to November 5, 2018. The research participants were 210 nurses in six general hospitals in G province. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, a t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé post-hoc test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and a stepwise multiple regression using SPSS 22.0.RESULTS: The workplace bullying type showed negative correlations with innovation-oriented culture, relation-oriented culture, and work performance. The workplace bullying consequence showed negative correlations with the innovation-oriented culture, relation-oriented culture, and work performance, and showed positive correlations with the workplace bullying type. The factors influencing the results of the workplace bullying consequence were workplace bullying type followed by relation-oriented culture, and unmarried status.CONCLUSION: Workplace bullying among nurses was related to the nursing organizational culture and work performance. Therefore, in order to reduce the turnover rate of nurses and to help them adapt well to the nursing organizational culture, a bullying prevention and intervention program is necessary.

A (não) atuação frente ao assédio moral no trabalho: estudo sobre um sindicato / The (lack of) action against workplace bullying: study on a union

O assédio moral no trabalho é entendido como um conjunto de atos hostis que ocorrem de forma processual e podem estar relacionados às prescrições da organização do trabalho. Os sindicatos e associações que defendem os interesses e direitos de categorias profissionais devem estar atentos a essa violência psicológica. Com o objetivo de identificar a percepção e a atuação de dirigentes sindicais frente a situações de assédio moral no trabalho, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa com representantes sindicais dos trabalhadores de transporte coletivo urbano de uma capital do sul do país. O sindicato ao qual pertencem esses dirigentes é reconhecido por sua luta e enfrentamento, assim como pela obtenção de conquistas e melhorias nas condições de trabalho de seus representados. Com relação e esse tipo de assédio, os resultados obtidos neste estudo evidenciaram uma visão simplificada sobre o fenômeno - sem um entendimento processual e ampliado. Tal compreensão indicou a associação entre práticas de assédio moral e pessoas específicas (os agressores), o que tende a reforçar uma atuação sindical tímida acerca dessa violência presente nas relações de trabalho. Os sindicatos, com função política e social, são entidades de suporte e amparo aos trabalhadores e, quando possuem um arcabouço de informações que subsidie o entendimento, a orientação e a construção de ações de luta e busca de melhores condições trabalhistas, tornam-se instrumentos de combate a condutas não aceitáveis no ambiente de trabalho.

The workplace bullying can be understood as a set of hostile actions that occur as a process and may be instructed by work organizations. Unions, which are associations that defend the interests and rights of professional categories, must be attentive to this form of psychological violence. In order to identify the perception and action of union leaders against situations of workplace bullying, a qualitative research was conducted with union representatives of the urban collective transport workers from a capital in the South of Brazil. The union to which these leaders belong is known for its struggle and confrontation tradition, as well as for the gains and improvements accomplished in the work conditions of its members. Regarding this kind of bullying, the results obtained in this study have showed a narrow view of the phenomenon, instead of understanding it more globally and as a process. This current view associates workplace bullying practices with specific people - the aggressors -, which tends to reinforce a timid union action against this kind of violence within working relationships. Unions, which play a social and political role, are organizations to support and protect workers, and when they have an information framework to support their view, orientation, and the implementation of actions of struggle and search for better working conditions, they can become instruments to fight against unacceptable behaviors in the workplace.

Prevalence and Forms of Workplace Bullying Among Health-care Professionals in Cyprus: Greek Version of “Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terror” Instrument

BACKGROUND: Workplace bulling is a pervasive phenomenon with negative consequences for the health of victims and the productivity of organizations. The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence and forms of workplace bullying among employees working at the public health-care sector of Cyprus using the Greek version of Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terror (LIPT) instrument. METHODS: A translation process was followed from the French to the Greek version of LIPT questionnaire. Test–retest reliability expressed by Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.98 indicating excellent reproducibility. Internal consistency reliability assessed by Cronbachα coefficient was 0.87 suggesting high reliability. LIPT instrument was distributed among 403 employees working at the primary health-care setting and at the largest public hospital of Cyprus with response rate of 73.4%. RESULTS: Women comprised the majority of participants (71.4%). Mean age was 43.3 years. Prevalence of workplace bulling according to Leymann's definition was 5.9%. Most common forms of bullying were“Being continuously interrupted” (17.2%) and “continuously being given new work assignments” (13.5%). Women were significantly more often exposed to at least one mobbing behavior than men within the previous year(49% vs. 35.7%, p=0.038), whereas nurses were significantly exposed to at least one mobbing behavior as compared to physicians (53.3% vs. 31.4%, p=0.004). CONCLUSION: This was the first study that examined the prevalence of workplace bullying in the public health-care sector by elaborating the Greek version of LIPT instrument. Results showed that workplace bullying is a common and complex phenomenon among health-care organizations.

The Effect of Workplace Bullying Perception on Psychological Symptoms: A Structural Equation Approach

BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were to determine the extent of workplace bullying perceptions among the employees of a Faculty of Medicine, evaluating the variables considered to be associated, and determining the effect of workplace bullying perceptions on their psychological symptoms evaluated by the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed involving 355 (88.75%) employees. RESULTS: Levels of perceived workplace bullying were found to increase with the increasing scores for BSI and BSI sub-dimensions of anxiety, depression, negative self, somatization, and hostility (all p < 0.001). One point increase in the workplace bullying perception score was associated with a 0.47 point increase in psychological symptoms evaluated by BSI. Moreover, the workplace bullying perception scores were most strongly affected by the scores of anxiety, negative self, depression, hostility, and somatization (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The present results revealed that young individuals, divorced individuals, faculty members, and individuals with a chronic disease had the greatest workplace bullying perceptions with our study population. Additionally, the BSI, anxiety, depression, negative self, somatization, and hostility scores of the individuals with high levels of workplace bullying perceptions were also high.

Effect of workplace bullying on posttraumatic stress disorder in nursing staff / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To investigate the relationship between workplace bullying and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in nursing staff, and to analyze the role of psychological capital between workplace bullying and PTSD.@*Methods@#From December 2014 to June 2015, convenience sampling was used to collect 496 nurses from 5 grade A tertiary hospitals in a province of China. Their workplace bullying, psychological capital, and PTSD status were assessed using the Negative Acts Questionnaire, Psychological Capital Questionnaire, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Self-Rating Scale, respectively. The correlation between variables was analyzed using a structural equation model.@*Results@#Among these nurses, the scores of negative acts, psychological capital, and PTSD were 37.15±12.83, 78.81±16.54, and 34.56±12.52, respectively. The score on each dimension of negative acts was positively correlated with that on each dimension of PTSD (P<0.01) ; the score on each dimension of psychological capital was negatively correlated with that on each dimension of PTSD and negative acts (P<0.01). Negative acts had a positive predictive effect on PTSD (β=0.539, P<0.01) , which was reduced after inclusion of psychological capital (β=0.513, P<0.01). The path coefficient was 0.62 for the effect of negative acts on PTSD, -0.18 for the effect of negative acts on psychological capital, and -0.11 for the effect of psychological capital on PTSD (P<0.05) .@*Conclusion@#Workplace bullying is a predictive factor for PTSD, and psychological capital plays a mediating role between workplace bullying and PTSD. The manager should reduce workplace bullying to improve the psychological capital in nursing staff and to prevent and reduce PTSD.

The Relationship among Workplace Bullying, Organizational Commitment and Turnover Intention of the Nurses Working in Public Medical Institutions / 임상간호연구

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among workplace bullying, organizational commitment, and turnover intention of nurses. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire from nurses at five public hospitals (N=190). RESULTS: The experience of bullying was 31.29 points (range 16–64) on average: Work-related bullying was the highest, followed by verbal/non verbal bullying and external threats. The consequences of bullying were 30.54 points (range 13–52) on average: The physical/psychological withdrawal was the highest, followed by increasing distrust and the poor quality of patient care. The experiences of bullying had positive correlations with the consequences of bullying (r=.55, p < .001) and the turnover intention (r=.27, p < .001), and had a negative correlation with organizational commitment (r=−.28, p < .001). The consequences of bullying had a positive correlation with the turnover intention (r=.52, p < .001), and had a negative correlation with organizational commitment (r=−.49, p < .001). Organizational commitment showed a negative correlation with the turnover intention (r=.63, p < .001). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggests the needs of a regular monitoring system and organizational management for workplace bullying, which helps nurses to commit to their organization and to be retained in a workplace.

The reason of practice nursing students suffering workplace bullying:A qualitative study / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To know about the reason of nursing students suffering workplace bullying. Method 25 interviewees were recruited by snowball sampling. The data were collected through the analysis of focus group interview. Results The interview data were analyzed by Colaizzi analysis method and three themes were extracted.They are the nursing students′own factors; organizational management factors;social and cultural factors. Conclusions According to the reasons for the nursing students suffered workplace bullying, formulating corresponding measures has an important role in improve the quality of clinical practice and the stability of nursing team.

Comparison of Organizational Culture and Organizational Commitment based on Experience of Workplace Bullying in Clinical Nurses / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship among nurses' workplace bullying experience, organizational culture, and organizational commitment. METHODS: Nurses who had worked for more than 6 months (N=299) were selected from 5 general hospitals. Data were collected from August to September 2014, using a self- reported questionnaire, and were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. RESULTS: Among the participants, 17.7% reported having experienced workplace bullying. Those who had experienced workplace bullying reported significantly lower relation-oriented culture, innovation-oriented culture, and organizational commitment as compared to the other group (t=-2.50, p=.016; t=-2.60, p=.011; t=-2.91, p=.004, respectively). Rank-oriented culture was higher in those who had experienced workplace bullying as compared to those who had not (t=2.76, p=.007). CONCLUSION: Those who had experienced workplace bullying had higher scores on rank-oriented culture and lower scores on innovation-oriented culture, relation-oriented culture, and organizational commitment. To reduce workplace bullying among nurses, hospital managers should improve the relation-oriented organizational culture and alleviate the rank-oriented culture.

The mediation role of self-esteem between workplace bullying and mental health among nurses:the moderating effect of self-efficacy / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To investigate the impact of workplace bullying,general self?efficacy,self?es?teem on mental health of nurses. Methods With random sampling,450 nurses from six hospitals in Nanning of Guangxi were selected to complete questionnaire survey. Results 34.7% of nurses were reported to have been subjected to bullying at their workplace. Workplace bullying(23.78±6.94) showed significantly nega?tive relationship with mental health(36.63±4.53)( r=-0.32, P<0.01),while general self?efficacy(26.86± 4.82) and self?esteem(30.62±4.08) showed significantly positive correlations with mental health( r=0.45, 0.44, P<0.01). Workplace bullying had a significantly negative effect on mental health ( β=-0.25, P<0.01) ,and the relationship was affected by general self?efficacy and self?esteem. Conclusion Workplace bullying can influent nurses' mental health through self?esteem and the relationship is moderated by general self?efficacy.

Does Leaders' Health (and Work-Related Experiences) Affect their Evaluation of Followers' Stress?

BACKGROUND: Stressed workers suffer from severe health problems which appear to have increased. Poor leadership is especially considered a source of stress. Indeed, supervisors might perceive their subordinates to be similar to them as far as stress is concerned and this might more widespread in organizations than previously thought. METHODS: The present research investigates the relationships between leaders' health, in terms of work-related stress, mental health, and workplace bullying and their evaluation of subordinates' stress. Five regression models were formulated to test our hypothesis. This is a cross-sectional study among 261 Italian leaders, using supervisor self-assessment and leaders' assessments of their subordinates. RESULTS: Leaders' health was related to their evaluation of staff stress. Job demand, lack of job control, and lack of support by colleagues and supervisors evaluated in their subordinates were particularly associated with the leaders' own health. CONCLUSION: Implications for developing healthy leaders are finally discussed.

Development and Validity of Workplace Bullying in Nursing-Type Inventory (WPBN-TI)

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to assess bullying of nurses, and test the validity and reliability of the instrument. METHODS: The initial thirty items of WPBN-TI were identified through a review of the literature on types bullying related to nursing and in-depth interviews with 14 nurses who experienced bullying at work. Sixteen items were developed through 2 content validity tests by 9 experts and 10 nurses. The final WPBN-TI instrument was evaluated by 458 nurses from five general hospitals in the Incheon metropolitan area. SPSS 18.0 program was used to assess the instrument based on internal consistency reliability, construct validity, and criterion validity. RESULTS: WPBN-TI consisted of 16 items with three distinct factors (verbal and nonverbal bullying, work-related bullying, and external threats), which explained 60.3% of the total variance. The convergent validity and determinant validity for WPBN-TI were 100.0%, 89.7%, respectively. Known-groups validity of WPBN-TI was proven through the mean difference between subjective perception of bullying. The satisfied criterion validity for WPBN-TI was more than .70. The reliability of WPBN-TI was Cronbach's alpha of .91. CONCLUSIONS: WPBN-TI with high validity and reliability is suitable to determine types of bullying in nursing workplace.

Relationships of Workplace Bullying to Self-esteem and Turnover Intention among Clinical Nurses at Small and Medium-sized Hospitals / 산업간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was to assess the prevalence of workplace bullying and the relationship workplace bullying to self-esteem and turnover intention among clinical nurses. METHODS: The subjects were 223 clinical nurses at 3 small and medium-sized hospitals in K and B cities. The data were collected from February 1st throughout 28th, 2013. The collected data were analyzed using the SAS program through the frequency, percentage, mean, and Pearson's correlation coefficients. RESULTS: The rate of self-reported bullying in the nursing workplace was 24.6% of respondents. There was a negative correlation between workplace bullying and self-esteem (r=-.39, p<.001). Also there was a positive correlation between workplace bullying and turnover intention (r=.14, p=.031). CONCLUSION: Prevalence of self-reported bullying is high among small and medium-sized hospitals and is clearly associated with lower levels of self-esteem and higher levels of turnover intention. Therefore, an organizational nursing management program as a monitoring regularly the psychosocial work environment and policies and procedures to prevent and manage workplace bullying is strongly recommended for the promotion of self-esteem and reducing the nurse's intention to leave the organization.

Relationships of Workplace Bullying to Self-esteem and Turnover Intention among Clinical Nurses at Small and Medium-sized Hospitals / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was to assess the prevalence of workplace bullying and the relationship workplace bullying to self-esteem and turnover intention among clinical nurses. METHODS: The subjects were 223 clinical nurses at 3 small and medium-sized hospitals in K and B cities. The data were collected from February 1st throughout 28th, 2013. The collected data were analyzed using the SAS program through the frequency, percentage, mean, and Pearson's correlation coefficients. RESULTS: The rate of self-reported bullying in the nursing workplace was 24.6% of respondents. There was a negative correlation between workplace bullying and self-esteem (r=-.39, p<.001). Also there was a positive correlation between workplace bullying and turnover intention (r=.14, p=.031). CONCLUSION: Prevalence of self-reported bullying is high among small and medium-sized hospitals and is clearly associated with lower levels of self-esteem and higher levels of turnover intention. Therefore, an organizational nursing management program as a monitoring regularly the psychosocial work environment and policies and procedures to prevent and manage workplace bullying is strongly recommended for the promotion of self-esteem and reducing the nurse's intention to leave the organization.